Do you know all these carrier network technologies?
394 2023-03-17

The operator‘s wireless network, bearer network, and access network are all built on nodes and optical cables. The layout of nodes and pipelines is the "basic network architecture" .

You can imagine that nodes are bones, optical cables and pipelines are blood vessels, and various networks are skins. The basic network architecture is inconspicuous in daily life, but it is actually the lifeblood of operators.

Looking back on the past, in fact, many technologies of operators have been popular in the industry. Today I will share with you the operator technologies that we have pursued together in those years.

ISP network  

01 C-RAN
 
On April 23, 2010, China Mobile Communication Research Institute proposed a new wireless access network architecture C-RAN for green evolution.

C-RAN is a green wireless access network architecture based on centralized processing, cooperative radio and real-time cloud computing architecture, and the network structure evolution from 2G to C-RAN .

Its essence is to achieve low cost, high bandwidth and flexible operation by reducing the number of base station equipment rooms, reducing energy consumption, adopting collaborative and virtualization technologies, realizing resource sharing and dynamic scheduling, and improving spectrum efficiency.

The overall goal of C-RAN is to solve the various challenges (energy consumption, construction and operation and maintenance costs, spectrum resources) brought to operators by the rapid development of mobile Internet, and to pursue sustainable business and profit growth in the future.

The vice president of China Mobile Research Institute once said that China Mobile hopes to integrate the latest achievements in wireless communication, telecommunications technology, and IT technology in C-RAN, and use the most efficient way to build a network at low cost.

02 TD-LTE

In November 2004, 3GPP launched the 3G system Long Term Evolution (LTE, Long Term Evolution) research project at the Quebec conference. Major global operators and equipment manufacturers began to form preliminary requirements for LTE systems through meetings and email discussions.
 
The proposal of TD-LTE was put forward in April 2005. In November 2007, the 3GPPRAN meeting passed the suggestion of LTE TDD fusion frame structure jointly signed by 27 companies, unifying the two frame structures of LTE TDD.
 
Long Term Evolution is the abbreviation of " Long Term Evolution ".
 
When the 3GPP standardization organization first formulated the LTE standard, it was positioned as an evolution and upgrade of the 3G technology.
 
Later, the development of LTE technology far exceeded expectations, and the subsequent evolution version of LTE, Release 10/11 (namely LTE-A), was determined as the 4G standard.
 
TD-LTE core technology includes flat network, interference suppression technology ICIC, frequency division multiple access system and MIMO technology.
 
It can be said that TD-LTE is an important foundation of the international 4G standard. The maturity of TD-LTE technology and the formation of the industrial chain have a great relationship with the development of China‘s communication industry.

03 HSPA+

HSPA is an enhanced technology of HSPA. The HSPA technology defined in 3GPP includes 64QAM high-order modulation, MIMODC, DB and other technologies. It is currently divided into four stages.
 
In 2008, Qualcomm, an American integrated circuit design company, announced the completion of the world‘s first use of this data call technology.
 
This technology can provide a data transmission rate of more than 20Mbps on a channel with a bandwidth of 5MHz.
 
Generally speaking, HSPA+ has faster speed, better performance, more advanced technology, and more stable network. It is the fastest network before the application of LTE technology.
 
HSPA improves network applications and performance in many ways: one is to increase network capacity, the other is to increase the peak rate of the system, and the third is to reduce the cost of data transmission per bit.
 
At a plenary meeting held in December 2010, 3GPP decided to include major enhancements to HSPA as available new standards in Release 11 or later.
 
Before LTE is fully mature and commercially available, HSPA can+ obtain LTE-like performance on existing spectrum resources at a relatively low cost, fully protecting operators‘ investment, and considering seamless upgrades, more and more operators start Started to carry out HSPA test + test.

04 active antenna

Active antennas are antennas with active components. It has the characteristics of small size, low energy consumption, flexible installation and strong coverage. Active antennas are the basic components of network architecture reform, basic knowledge of antennas and introduction of 40+ antennas .
 
After entering 2011, including the launch of Alcatel-Lucent‘s LightRadio solution, Ericsson‘s Air solution, and Nokia Siemens Networks‘ FlexiRace solution, active antennas are developing rapidly. Later, various mainstream equipment manufacturers launched active antenna products one after another.
 
AIR has advantages in reducing power consumption and simplifying installation. lightRadio embodies the trend of miniaturization and distribution of base stations.

05 Unified RAN

Unified RAN originated from software radio technology. Unified RAN has completely changed the outdated network construction mode in which the "three sets of equipment" and "three networks" of GSM, UMT, and SLTE are superimposed and deployed, and can help operators save investment to the greatest extent during the network upgrade process.
 
Since 2008, all mainstream equipment vendors have launched unified RAN products, including Huawei‘s SingleRAN, ZTE‘s Uni-RAN, Ericsson‘s EvoRAN, Nuo Siemens‘ SingleRAN and so on.
 
At present, most mainstream equipment vendors have adopted "unified RAN" base stations in newly built and expanded networks.
 
At present, operators need to significantly improve the cost performance of the network, reduce network complexity, and reduce the cost per bit of data services. Therefore, higher access rate, larger network capacity and higher spectrum utilization should be provided at a lower cost.
 
The operator‘s network cannot be upgraded to the LTE stage overnight, and the 2G/3G/LTE network will coexist for a long time and each perform its duties. After years of development and optimization, the existing GSM network can provide the most comprehensive coverage, from rural areas to cities, indoors and outdoors.
 
GSM network provides users with the most basic voice and SMS services; in urban areas and hot spots, LTE network can provide users with high-speed data services.
 
Through SDR base stations to realize 2G/3G converged networking, software upgrades to support HSPA+ and smooth evolution to LTE, operators avoid repeated construction and high-cost investment caused by network upgrades.
 
The new generation of soft base stations represented by SDR has become the base station of choice for global mobile operators.
 
Unified RAN can maximize the value of operators‘ core assets such as sites, spectrum, pipelines, users, and employees. "

06 plastic optical fiber

Research on plastic optical fiber began in the 1960s, while applied research in the field of communication began in 2000.
 
At the OFC meeting in 2000, Asahi Glass of Japan proposed that plastic optical fiber can fully meet short-distance communication applications.
 
my country began to put domestic plastic optical fiber into the market in the early 1990s, mainly for handicraft production and other aspects. In 2006, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology promulgated the industry standard for plastic optical fiber for communication, which opened a new stage for plastic optical fiber.
 
After Zhejiang Falcomms acquired the Irish Firecomms company, my country became the first country in the world to have a complete plastic optical fiber industry chain. At the same time, Zhongke Haitong can already provide complete plastic optical fiber materials and production processes, breaking the international monopoly.
 
The application of plastic optical fiber in FTTH and smart grid has also been widely recognized, and plastic optical fiber has entered the application and promotion period.
 
Reasonable use of investment and comprehensive development of the industrial chain are the keys to boosting the development of the plastic optical fiber industry.

07 about 100G

In September 2005, Lucent demonstrated the 100G technology for the first time at Bell Labs, realizing the technical breakthrough of 100G transmission in Ethernet, and the 100G optical module standard and protocol .
 
Subsequently, Nortel came from behind. In 2009, it launched the world‘s first 100G commercial system, and announced the direct deployment of the first commercial 100G network with Verizon in Paris and Frankfurt. In October 2011, Shanghai Bell deployed the country‘s first commercial 100G network for a certain operator in my country.
 
The annual growth rate of my country‘s trunk network traffic is as high as 60%, and the 40GWDM system has been deployed at full capacity for two years. It has been difficult to meet the needs of network development. The demand for 100G has become the mainstream in 2012. China Telecom has launched 100G laboratory tests to prepare for large-scale applications.
 
The industry will face the coexistence of 10/40/100Gbps for a long time, and the coordinated development of the three needs to be considered comprehensively.  
08 IPRAN
 
IPRAN is the current mainstream solution in the field of mobile bearer network. It is based on the design concept of flexible IP communication, based on the traditional router architecture, and enhances the OAM mechanism, service protection mechanism and packet clock transmission capability. It is recommended to use the dynamic control plane for service forwarding. Automatic routing mechanism.
 
The hardware structure based on the router architecture has rich three-layer routing capabilities and better support China Telecom proposed in 2009 to build a full-service carrier-class Ethernet network starting from the IPRAN bearer network. Zhenjiang, Suzhou, Shenzhen and other cities have carried out the pilot work of IPRAN bearer network and achieved good results.
 
For full-service operators, choosing IPRAN as their mobile bearer network technology is a very practical choice in terms of industry chain maturity and future network integration. 

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