The erbium doped fiber (EDF) is at the heart of EDFA technology. It is a conventional silica fiber doped with erbium. When the erbium is illuminated with light energy at a suitable wavelength (either 980 nm or 1480 nm), it is excited to a long lifetime intermediate state, following which it decays back to the ground state by emitting light within the 1525-1565nm band (see the following picture). If the light energy already exists within the 1525-2565nm band, for example due to a signal channel passing through the EDF, then this stimulates the decay process (so called stimulated emission), resulting in additional light energy. Thus, if a pump wavelength and a signal wavelength are simultaneously propagating through an EDF, energy transfer will occur via the erbium from the pump wavelength to the signal wavelength, resulting in signal amplification.

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