In order to ensure full compatibility with network devices such as network cards, Repeaters, hubs and switches from other manufacturers, fiber optic transceivers must strictly comply with Ethernet standards such as 10Base-T, 100Base-TX, 100Base-FX, IEEE802.3 and IEEE 802.3U. In addition, they must comply with FCC Part15 in terms of EMC protection against electromagnetic radiation. Nowadays, as domestic operators are vigorously building residential network, campus network and enterprise network, the consumption of optical fiber transceiver products is also increasing, in order to better meet the needs of access network construction.

The nature of the classification

Single-mode fiber optic transceiver: transmission range 20 km to 120 km

Multimode fiber optic transceiver: transmission range 2km to 5km

For example, the transmitting power of the 5km optical fiber transceiver is generally between -20 ~ -14dB, the receiving sensitivity is -30dB, and the wavelength of 1310nm is used. However, the transmitting power of 120km optical fiber transceivers is mostly between -5 ~ 0dB, the receiving sensitivity is -38dB, and the wavelength of 1550nm is used.

The classification

Single fiber optic transceiver: receiving and transmitting data on a single fiber

Dual fiber optic transceiver: receiving and transmitting data over a pair of optical fibers

As the name suggests, a single-fiber device can save half of the optical fiber, that is, data can be received and sent on a single optical fiber, which is very useful in places where fiber resources are limited. This kind of product adopts the technology of wavelength division multiplexing, which mostly uses the wavelength of 1310nm and 1550nm. However, because there is no unified international standard for single fiber transceiver products, products from different manufacturers may be incompatible when interworking with each other. In addition, due to the use of WDM, the single fiber transceiver products generally have the characteristics of high signal attenuation.

Level of work/rate

100M Ethernet fiber optic transceiver: works at the physical layer

10/100M adaptive Ethernet fiber optic transceiver: works at the data link layer

According to the working level/rate, it can be divided into single 10M, 100M optical fiber transceivers, 10/100m adaptive optical fiber transceivers, 1000M optical fiber transceivers and 10/100/1000 adaptive optical fiber transceivers. Among them, single 10M and 100M transceiver products work in the physical layer, and the transceiver products working in this layer transmit data bit-by-bit. This forwarding mode has the advantages of fast forwarding speed, high permeability and low delay, and is suitable for fixed rate links. At the same time, because such devices do not have a self-negotiation process before normal communication, they do better in compatibility and stability.

Structure classification

Desktop (stand - alone) fiber optic transceiver: stand - alone client device

Rack-type (modular) fiber optic transceiver: installed in a 16-slot chassis, using centralized power supply

Management Type Classification

Non - network - tube Ethernet fiber - optic transceiver: plug - and - play, through the hardware dialing switch set electrical port operation mode

Network-managed Ethernet fiber optic transceivers: support carrier-grade network management

Classification, the network administrator

It can be divided into non - network - tube fiber - optic transceiver and network - tube fiber - optic transceiver. Most operators hope that all devices in their networks can be managed remotely, and fiber optic transceivers are developing in this direction as switches and routers. The fiber-optic transceivers with network management can also be subdivided into local network management and client network management. The fiber-optic transceivers that can be managed at the bureau end are mainly rack-type products, most of which adopt the master-slave management structure. On the one hand, the master network management module needs to poll the network management information on its own rack, and on the other hand, it needs to collect all the information from the sub-rack, and then summarize and submit it to the network management server.

The client network management can be divided into three ways: the first is to run a specific protocol between the bureau and the client devices. The protocol is responsible for sending the state information of the client to the bureau, which is processed by the CPU of the bureau devices and submitted to the network management server. The second is that the fiber-optic transceiver at the local end can detect the optical power on the optical port, so when there is a problem on the optical path, the optical power can be used to judge whether it is the problem on the optical fiber or the fault of the client equipment. The third is to install the master CPU on the optical fiber transceiver at the client end, so that the network management system can monitor the working state of the client devices, and also realize remote configuration and remote restart. Among the three kinds of client network management, the first two are strictly for remote monitoring of client devices, while the third is the real remote network management. However, since the third method adds CPU on the client side, which in turn increases the cost of the client device, the first two methods have the advantage in terms of price. It is believed that the network management of optical fiber transceivers will become more and more practical and intelligent as the operators demand more and more equipment network management.

Classification of power supply

Built-in power supply fiber optic transceiver: Built-in switching power supply is carrier-grade power supply; External power supply fiber optic transceiver: external transformer power supply is mostly used in civil equipment.

Working mode classification

Full duplex refers to a system in which the transmission and reception of data are split between two different transmission lines so that both parties can send and receive data at the same time. In full duplex, a transmitter and a receiver are provided at each end of the communication system, so that data can be controlled to be transmitted in both directions simultaneously. There is no need to switch directions in full duplex mode, so there is no time delay associated with switching operations.

Half duplex is a transmission line that receives and sends data on the same transmission line. Although data can be sent in both directions, both parties cannot send and receive data at the same time. In the half-duplex mode, the transmitter and receiver at each end of the communication system are transferred to the communication line through the receiving/sending switch, and the direction is switched. Therefore, there will be a time delay.